Females do not need to mate to oviposit chandler 1980. Encyrtidae was introduced into indonesia in 2014 to control the cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero. Making a pdf file of a logo is surprisingly easy and is essential for most web designers. The wasp is being used to help control cassava mealybug outbreaks in the country. Interactions between the female parasitoid epidinocarsis. Introduction of anagyrus lopezi for biological control of pink cassava. To combine pdf files into a single pdf document is easier than it looks. A simulation study of a biological control of cassava mealybug by anagyrus lopezi and green lacewings 15 a program of transdisciplinary higher education in taiwan 16 analysis of consumer attitudes towards luxury goods in kuwait 17 track b. The 1st report of outbreak was made in april, 2008.
The introduction of this parasitoid into africa in the 1980s reduced high infestations by 90%, becoming a highlysuccessful case of classical biological control 11. Encyrtidae, exhibited higher parasitism and emergence rates on antexcluded plants compared to antattended plants in laboratory conditions. Ang anagyrus lopezi sakop sa kahenera nga anagyrus sa kabanay nga encyrtidae. Pdf investigating the use of wasps anagyrus lopezi as a. Resistance of the variety of cassava mealybug phenacoccus. Use of sugar dispensers to disrupt ant attendance and. Google maps or on the marksim shape file for african towns. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Encyrtidae, we examined suitability of taro colocasia esculenta l. Media in category anagyrus lopezi the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. To explore alternative host plant for rearing of p.
The release of the parasitic wasp anagyrus lopezi, at a ceremony organised and hosted by the thai department of agriculture in the countrys northeastern khon kaen province. Anagyrus lopezi are used as a biological control agent. A joint photographic experts group jpeg image is a compressed digital copy of a photograph or a scanned image. Anagyrus pseudococci female developmental time ranges between 14 and 18 days, and male developmental time ranges between 12 and 27 days chandler 1980. An teksto in available ha ilarom han creative commons attributionsharealike license. Encyrtidae was introduced into indonesia in early 2014 to control the cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera.
Masa hidup imago, progeni, dan kemampuan parasitisasi. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Encyrtidae was introduced from paraguay to nigeria in 1981 neuenschwander 2001, and subsequently to thailand in 2009 winotai et al. Biological control, a pillar of sustainable agriculture in africa. Fanani mz, rauf a, maryana n, nurmansyah a, hindayana d. Jun 01, 2018 anagyrus lopezi itself equally possesses an exceptional dispersal potential of 20 km per generation, a high degree of adaptation to varying agroecological conditions, hostfeeding capabilities and an ability to persist at low p. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it. Capinera, in handbook of vegetable pests, 2001 management. Pseudococcidae has been reared mainly with cassava.
The objectives of this study were to understand the influence of host and parasitoid densities on functional response and mutual. Adobe designed the portable document format, or pdf, to be a document platform viewable on virtually any modern operating system. Granular insecticides, exclusion methods, liquid baits, as well as sugar source provi. This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system. If your pdf reader is displaying an error instead of opening a pdf file, chances are that the file is c. Observation of encapsulation rate was made by exposing a single. Waspsanagyrus lopeziare suggested to be released once or three times every three weeks when cassava mealybugs are.
Figure 1the blue, yellow, and green areas represent immediate neighborhood, distant neighborhood, and far distant neighborhood, respectively, of the cell i,j. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Continentalscale suppression of an invasive pest by a. Jun 18, 2019 wasps anagyrus lopezi are suggested to be released once or three times every three weeks when cassava mealybugs are first detected in a cassava field where the recommended number of wasps anagyrus lopezi to be released in a cassava field also varies, e. A subgenus of anagyrus is known as nesoanagyrus beardsley 1969. Pdf is a hugely popular format for documents simply because it is independent of the hardware or application used to create that file. Abstract anagyrus lopezi has been used as a biological control agent for controlling the spread of cassava mealybugs in a cassava field in thailand. View of parasitism disruption by ants of anagyrus lopezi.
Kutu putih singkong phenacoccus manihoti matile ferrero hemiptera. Following release of the hostspecific parasitoid anagyrus lopezi hymenoptera in 2010, mealybug outbreaks were reduced, cropping area. To determine its potential uses and effect on nontarget species, behavioural observation of the parasitoids were made on four species of mealybugs, i. How to shrink a pdf file that is too large techwalla. In this study, we investigate the effect of season on the spread of cassava mealybugs when anagyrus lopezi are released in the field by employing cellular automata and monte carlo simulation technique.
There are at least 247 species in this genus which consists of. By michelle rae uy 24 january 2020 knowing how to combine pdf files isnt reserved. It is used as biological control agent against the cassava mealybug phenacoccus manihoti. Anagyrus lopezi ingar i slaktet anagyrus och familjen skoldlussteklar. Searching for a specific type of document on the internet is sometimes like looking for a needle in a haystack. Anagyrus is a large genus of parasitic wasps from the family encyrtidae. Taro colocasia esculenta as an alternative host plant for rearing. Encyrtidae was introduced into indonesia in 2014 to control the cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera. Investigating the use of wasps anagyrus lopezi as a. Anagyrus lopezi, functional response, mutual interference, parasitoid introduction the cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera.
Parasitism disruption by ants of anagyrus lopezi hymenoptera. Encyrtidae diintroduksikan dari thailand ke indonesia pada awal tahun 2014, dengan maksud untuk mengendalikan kutu putih phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera. Biological control of an agricultural pest protects tropical forests. Study was conducted with the objective to determine the geographic distribution of p. If you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs. Mealybug by anagyrus lopezi and green lacewings chontita rattanakul abstract anagyrus lopezi and green lacewings are recommended as biological control agents for controlling the spread of cassava mealybugs in a cassava field in thailand. Encyrtidae was introduced into indonesia in 2014 to control the invasive cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera.
Effects of varying host and parasitoid densities download download pdf. To fully capture ibcimplicationsforasiascassavacrop,cassavastarch exports and dynamics within the globespanning starch market, our analyses are conducted through. Encyrtidae was introduced from thailand into indonesia in early 2014 to control the cassava mealybug phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems. If an infested celliis randomized, it might return to the susceptible statesin the next time step if waspsanagyrus lopezisuccessfully eliminate cassava mealybugs on the randomized cell. Encyrtidae, parasitoid of cassava mealybug download download pdf. Pdf the cassava mealybug phenacoccus manihoti in asia. Kutu putih singkong phenacoccus manihoti matile ferrero. As hibiscus is the preferred host, these plants should be monitored for the presence of pink hibiscus mealybug in an area. The pdf format allows you to create documents in countless applications and share them with others for viewing. Biological control, a pillar of sustainable agriculture in. Anagyrus lopezi is a species of parasitic wasp native to central america.
Geographic distribution of the invasive mealybug phenacoccus. Pdf influence of the host plant of the cassava mealybug. In the absence of natural enemies, or if natural enemy activity is disrupted by. The reason for a pdf file not to open on a computer can either be a problem with the pdf file itself, an issue with password protection or noncompliance w the reason for a pdf file not to open on a computer can either be a problem with the. Research was conducted in laboratory with the objectives to determine effect of honey on adult longevity, to study fecundity, progeny production, and sex ratio, and. View of parasitism of cassava mealybug by anagyrus lopezi. Pseudococcidae, is the most important insect pest of cassava in the world bellotti et al. An anagyrus in nahilalakip ha familia nga encyrtidae. Field surveys were conducted on cassava fields in various locations in lampung, java, and nusa. Encyrtidae, recovered in 1981 after foreign exploration. Thus are welladapted to provide effective biological control in. Encyrtidae was introduced from thailand into indonesia in early 2014 to control the invasive cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero hemiptera. Oct 24, 2015 this page was last edited on 10 december 2019, at 08.
This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. Even though the results indicate that tactic vi is the best. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers. Landscape context does not constrain biological control of. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. Araceae for rearing them in the laboratory, which was compared with that of cassava seedling. Read on to find out just how to combine multiple pdf files on macos and windows 10. Research was conducted in laboratory with the objectives to determine effect of honey on adult longevity, to study. This pest spread rapidly, causing widespread devastation over the cassava belt of africa including southern africa since its presence was first reported in dr congo in 1973 hahn and williams, 1973 and before a biological control campaign began herren. The biology of epidinocarsis apoanagyrus lopezi desantis was studied under fluctuating laboratory conditions of 2431c and 7990% r. Encyrtidae was introduced into indonesia in early 2014 to control the cassava.
The development of the anagyrus lopezi in thailand since the widespread destruction of the tapioca fields by the deadly mealy bugs, phenacoccus manihoti, a couple of years ago, thailand tried to eradicate the insects by spraying with the thiamethoxam insecticide and adopting proper cultural practices. It is used as biological control agent against the cassava mealybug phenacoccus. Biological control of an invasive pest eases pressures on. Once youve done it, youll be able to easily send the logos you create to clients, make them available for download, or attach them to emails in a fo. These wasps were released across thailand from mid. Aug 01, 2020 schematic representation of how guided releases of the monophagous parasitoid anagyrus lopezi fixed multifaceted sustainability challenges. A similar outcome is expected from its recent introduc. Since october, 2009 the department of agriculture started to multiply the. Continentalscale suppression of an invasive pest by a host. In this study, we investigate the spread of cassava mealybugs when anagyrus lopezi and. Wasps anagyrus lopezi are suggested to be released once or three times every three weeks when cassava mealybugs are first detected in a cassava field where the recommended number of wasps anagyrus lopezi to be released in a cassava field also varies, e.
A vial containing anagyrus lopezi, at a release ceremony organised and hosted by the thai department of agriculture in the countrys northeastern khon kaen province. Persebaran geografi di pulau jawa dan rintisan pengendalian hayati. Taro colocasia esculenta as an alternative host plant for. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Select multiple pdf files and merge them in seconds. The objective of study was to determine encapsulation rate of parasitoid a. Pdf parasitism disruption by ants of anagyrus lopezi. Supassorn aekthong, chontita rattanakul, investigating the use of wasps anagyrus lopezi as a biological control agent for cassava mealybugs.
May 31, 2011 parasitoid anagyrus lopezi for biocontrol of the mealybug. An anagyrus lopezi in nahilalakip ha genus nga anagyrus, ngan familia nga encyrtidae. Cassava mealybug phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero, native to south america, achieved pest status after accidental introduction to africa. Encyrtidae was introduced into indonesia in 2014 to control the invasive cassava mealybug, phenacoccus manihoti matileferrero. This work has been done, in collaboration with gms countries and project government counterparts to understand cassava grown areas, cpmb distribution and its risk. Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps.
Point locations in africa correspond to anagyrus lopezi releases at locations with high p. Releases of 41,054 had been made over an 18month period, some directly into the trees and some into organdy sleeves tied around infested branches. This, and releases of local biocontrol agents predatory lacewings, together with ecological pest management training efforts of field extension workers and farmers, have been found helpful in dealing with the cm problem. If natural enemies are established in an area, particularly anagyrus kamali, the mealybug should not be a severe pest. Encyrtidae was introduced and released in 2014 to control the pest. Natural enemy activity following the introduction of epidinocarsis. The problem was gradually and effectively brought under control. Return to article details parasitism disruption by ants of anagyrus lopezi hymenoptera. Use of sugar dispensers to disrupt ant attendance and improve. Pdf sustained biological control of the cassava mealybug. Return to article details parasitism of cassava mealybug by anagyrus lopezi.
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